RURAL HOUSEHOLD productions are an important part of economic activities in Iran. Nowadays, millions of Iranians, particularly in RURAL areas are employed in this kind of activity. Unfortunately, their products are rarely reflected in national economic indicators. The Fars province has historically been one of the important areas for HOUSEHOLD production. In this study a survey method based on a questionnaire was used to gather data. Sampling was multi-stage and sample size was 705 cases of RURAL HOUSEHOLDs, 353 of which were active in production and 352 were inactive. The results of study show that there is a relationship between domesticated animals in RURAL areas and HOUSEHOLD production. HOUSEHOLDs which do not own land or have small pieces of land have more production than those who own agricultural lands. There is also a relationship between larger families, lower INCOME and HOUSEHOLD productions which become the main source of INCOME. An analysis of the participants shows that the majority of producers are women. Establishing policies regarding the expectations of HOUSEHOLDs about providing means of production can increase the output in this area.

In this study, short and long term effects of macroeconomic variables such as prices of agricultural commodities, interest rates, exchange rates on RURAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME are investigated. For this purpose, pattern autoregressive distributed lag were applied on time series of 1977-2008. The results of this study showed that a long-term relationship exists between variables included in the model and RURAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME. Among these variables, the price indexes of agricultural products and exchange rates with respected coefficients of 1.81 and -0.65 have significant effects. Considering these effects on RURAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME, adjustment and stabilization agricultural price index and interest rates and currency and adopting appropriate macroeconomic variables to improve RURAL INCOME is recommended.

This study examined distrbution of HOUSEHOLD INCOME in Khorasan Razavi province and the country for urban and RURAL areas, seprately. Using HOUSEHOLD INCOME and expenditure statistics compiled by the Statistical Center of Iran during 2007-2012 the Gini index, Tile index, Atkinson index and the tenth docile to the first docile were applied. The study findings indicate that during the studied period INCOME inequality in the country has been decreased. The levels of disparity in the urban areas have been usually higher than its levels in the country., while the levels of disparity in the RURAL areas have been always lower than its levels in the country. Morever, INCOME distributions in the urban areas and the entire province have been always more uneven than what has been seen for the RURAL areas. Analysing the Tile and Atkinson indicies (e=1) shows that both ascending and descending trends of the two indicies were consistent with the Gini index and thus, the three indicies are compatible and validate each other. On the other hand, analysing the Gross expenditures per capita for HOUSEHOLDs and the Gini index shows that the levels of welfare in urban and RURAL areas of Khorasan were almost constant, however the index for the urban areas of the country has been decreased and for the RURAL areas has been increased. The social welfare often have been lower for the the RURAL areas than the social welfare for the urban areas. The results indicate significant differences in INCOME distributions among the province, the country's RURAL areas and the urban areas. The sudy therefore proposes regional plannings to be considered.

Sumac (Rhus coriaria L. ) is a multi-purpose indicator species in Arasbaran region, especially in Horand County and a remarkable amount of its fruits is traditionally exploited every year. This research was focused on the quantitative evaluation of production and the economic importance of sumac in the HOUSEHOLD's economy of Aghboraz Village of Horand County. The data were collected in two parts, including the quantitative evaluation of fruit production via random-systematic sampling strategy and socio-economic analysis about harvesting, selling and processing of sumac via semi-open questionnaire. Based on the results, the average number of sumac stem per hectares was 3928 and its average yield was estimated 428. 16 kg per ha. Sum and average of harvested sumac by RURAL HOUSEHOLD was 8455 kg and 422. 75 kg, respectively. The average annual harvest value of HOUSEHOLDs was 46500 thousand Rials. The average annual HOUSEHOLD INCOME from raw and processed sumac was estimated 7740 and 46480 thousand Rials, respectively. The average share of HOUSEHOLD INCOME from the sumac harvesting was 44% of total HOUSEHOLD INCOME varied from 0. 9% to 100% among different HOUSEHOLDs. The average added value created by processing was 332500 Rials. According to the results, it can be concluded that sumac species can be effective in improving the economic situation of the villagers.

Human capital is one of the most effective factors in personal INCOME, and it is built up in individuals by educational attainment. Theoretical economic growth models, such as those presented by Lucas(1988), Becker, Murphy, Tamura (1990), L.Y.Lau, F.Louat, D.T.Jamison (1996),Rebelo (1992),Mulligan and Sala-I-Martin (1992) have addressed various aspect of this issue. Human capital has been defined as the educational attainment which is achieved during the years of education. Barro-lee (1995),Viktam Nehru, Eric Swanson, and Ashutosh Dubey (1995) started analyzing and measuring human capital. In the present research, the authors, trying to follow the methods of economics researches, considered formal education as an index for human capital. It was argued that in it for human capital is accumulated also through learning by doing, thus individual experiment could be individually defined as a proxy for it. In the other hand, due to job segregation and discrimination, gender might be an effective factors in INCOME difference, thus it was also included in the present model. Using Mincer's personal earning function, with certain adaptations Iranian economy, the authors studied such effects on both RURAL and urban HOUSEHOLDs during the years 1984-2000. The results indicated that an individual's INCOME is not only influenced by human capital but also by gender.

Exogenous shocks and economic fluctuations led to extensive changes in HOUSEHOLDs’ savings. Changes in HOUSEHOLD savings can also influence macroeconomic indicators. Thus in this study, the impact of HOUSEHOLD savings on HOUSEHOLD INCOME and GDP are examined using a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model.In the literature, there are two static and dynamic general equilibrium models. We apply the Mixed Complementary Problems (MCP) method using the Iran’s time series data. Two different scenarios are considered in this study. In the first scenario, marginal propensity to HOUSEHOLD savings will be increased twenty percent while in the second scenario marginal propensity to HOUSEHOLD savings will be decreased by the same rate. Furthermore, we updated and developed a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for Iran.The following results are obtained. Using the static model, the results vividly indicate that the urban and RURAL HOUSEHOLD INCOMEs have increased 0.31 and 0.5 percent, respectively, through the supply of labor and capital in the first scenario. Moreover, GDP has also increased. The results of the dynamic model in the first scenario show that the RURAL and urban HOUSEHOLD INCOME increased by 6.42 percent. However, in the second scenario it declined at the same rate as the first scenario indicating the fact that there is a positive relationship between HOUSEHOLD INCOME and their savings. GDP has increased on average by 6.41 percent based on the first scenario. In summing up, it is found that by the implementation of the second scenario, the opposite results are obtained.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate socio-economic factors affecting contribution of RURAL women and their impacts on family INCOME in the Divandarreh County in Kurdistan Province of Iran. This applied research was done based on survey method. The statistical population includes all married women farmers (N=1770) living in the RURAL areas of Divandarreh County of Kurdistan. A sample of 177 women was selected by the use of “proportional stratified random sampling” method. A questionnaire was designed and employed to gather the required data. A panel of experts verified its content validity. A pilot study was initially conducted to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSSwin11.5. The results showed that there was a significant and positive correlation between RURAL farmer's women contribution in family INCOME and number of child, value of RURAL farmers' labor, level of participation in financial decision making of family, educational level, and social believes. The result of multiple regression showed that variables consisting number of child, value of women farmers' labor, participation in financial decision making of family, educational level, and social believes could explain 67% of the variation in the level of women farmers' sharing of family INCOME. In addition, the results of path analysis showed that number of child a participation degree directly and value of RURAL farmers' labor, educational level and social believes were indirectly affected dependent variable.